آکادمی و موسسه علمی پژوهشی ابن سینا

This section gives an overview of the scientific problem and background leading to the modeling of the housing market on both micro ad macro scales. The issues dealt with in the micro-modeling of household behavior and macro-level of the housing market will be outlined. In this chapter, the scaling problem and its importance in economic systems modeling will be outlined. The chapter will discuss the importance of understanding the connection between microeconomic decisions and emerging macroeconomic phenomena on the macro scale.

Processes on different scales e.g., macro and micro scales derive dynamics in economic and natural systems. According to Gibson's work (Gibson, Ostrom, & Ahn, 2000) scale is defined as “the spatial, temporal, quantitative, or analytical dimensions used to measure and study any phenomenon.” Processes and interactions occurring on one scale may produce totally different and unexpected properties and phenomena on another scale (Axelrod R., 1997). For example, individual ants take action based on some environmental conditions and the behavior of their closest neighbors. These individual behaviors result in collective action with resulting effects that cannot be explained at the individual level (Janson, Middendorf, & Beekman, 2005; Couzin, 2009). Similarly, the shear stress of wind has a uniform effect on water molecules in the sea. Yet once they are brought into motion they become parts of wave structures that are impossible to explain at the molecular level, and that have a very different kind of behavior and impact than just the water itself (Narayanan, 2003).
Interactions between the heterogeneous entities on the micro-scale are an important aspect of making dynamics on the macro-scale. In ecology, the predator-prey model describes a simplified interaction between the whole populations of a predator and prey. Each of the two populations consists of many individual organisms with their own behaviors and physical features (i.e. growth rate, individual activity, mortality, adaptive behavior, etc.) (Grimm & Railsback, 2005; Voinov, 2008). The challenge in these multi-scale phenomena is to find a way to translate individual organism properties into aggregated parameters that are used to describe populations.

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